270 likes. ALL. ALL 20 Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. But if we choose violent options they come back to plague us. Everything seems to be working out well for Macbeth until the witches share with him one final vision: a long line of kings who all look just like Banquo. Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good . Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good. The second, a bloody child, tells him no-one born of a woman can harm him. Albert: Macbeth #3: In WICKED what was the name of the witch born w/ emerald-green skin who defied gravity? (Act 1, Scene 7) That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold, What hath quenched them hath given me fire. (Act 2 Scene 2) I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss em. This metrical pattern appears in magical passages, such as in Macbeth when the three witches transition into trochaic tetrameter for these famous lines: Double, double toil and trouble, Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Lizards leg and howlets wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. 422 quotes from Macbeth: By the pricking of my thumbs, Something wicked this way comes. Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble! William Shakespeare, Macbeth. Halloween sees more candy sales than Valentines Day. In which play by Shakespeare do three witches say, Double, double, toil and trouble? Aidan: The Witches of Eastwick #2: Double, double, toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble was a line chanted by the 3 witches, also referred to as the weird sisters in what Shakespeare tragedy? Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. (Act 2, Scene 2) Tis the eye of childhood, That fears a painted devil. (Act 2, Scene 2) Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Act 4, scene 1 Double, double toil and trouble Macbeth visits the witches and demands they answer his questions. All. The Witches songs play a pivotal role in the plot of Macbeth. There were no stars. Aidan: The Witches of Eastwick #2: Double, double, toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble was a line chanted by the 3 witches, also referred to as the weird sisters in what Shakespeare tragedy? When we poison others we poison ourselves. When we poison others we poison ourselves. Lizards leg and howlets wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. Hecate appears, they sing all together, and Hecate leaves. The second, a bloody child, tells him no-one born of a woman can harm him. The witches conjure apparitions to do so. For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. Lady Macbeth commits suicide and Macbeth is depressed and surrounded by an army ready to overthrow him. You can also refer back up to see our explanations for each of the bolded terms. Everything seems to be working out well for Macbeth until the witches share with him one final vision: a long line of kings who all look just like Banquo. The trouble was that we have choice: we havefreedom of choice. Enter HECATE to the other three Witches. We are very grateful to you all for your patronage and support over the years. Enter HECATE to the other three Witches. The witches circle a cauldron, mixing in a variety of grotesque ingredients while chanting "double, double toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble" (10-11). The line "Double, double toil and trouble," communicates the witches' intent clearly: they seek only trouble for the mortals around them. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Malcolm. In the final scene, the witches gather around a cauldron and chant "Double, double, Toil and Trouble / parties burn and Nonsense bubble." And it was that law, that even-handed justice, that was the problem. Like the first song, Fair is foul and foul is fair, Double, double toil and trouble;/ Fire burn and cauldron bubble appears at a critical juncture of the play. (to hte terho WITCHES) owN estl add a srgiet leniatsr to the mxi. Macbeth sighed. When we poison others we poison ourselves. The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as HECATE O well done! Macbeth is Shakespeare's darkest play not only because of the restricted palette of its images--shades of black varied with bright red blood--but also because, in the play's world of warfare and witchcraft, its hero is half-damned from the start. But if we choose violent options they come back to plague us. It gives a hint to the audience what is going on in Macbeths over-ambitious mind. 422 quotes from Macbeth: By the pricking of my thumbs, Something wicked this way comes. Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble! William Shakespeare, Macbeth. (to hte terho WITCHES) owN estl add a srgiet leniatsr to the mxi. Scottish perspective on news, sport, business, lifestyle, food and drink and more, from Scotland's national newspaper, The Scotsman. (Act 1, Scene 7) That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold, What hath quenched them hath given me fire. (Act 2 Scene 2) I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss em. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. The three witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Glamis (as he is), Thane of Cawdor, and king hereafter. And thank us for your trouble. Act 1, scene 3. Lady Macbeth speaks these words in Act 1, scene 5, lines 3652, as she awaits the arrival of King Duncan at her castle. There are eight syllables per line: Double, double, toil and trouble: / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. (4:1) It makes the witches seem strangely different. Macbeth then enters, demanding answers to his pressing questions about the future. Hecate appears, they sing all together, and Hecate leaves. Look at Act 1 Scene 1, Act 1 Scene 3, Act 3 Scene 5 and Act 4 Scene 1. On the 7th year of her imprisonment, Sophia will be doomed to the netherworld unless the curse is broken by the ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. This metrical pattern appears in magical passages, such as in Macbeth when the three witches transition into trochaic tetrameter for these famous lines: Double, double toil and trouble, Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. (Act 3, Scene 4) Shakespeare reveals at the end of the play that unbridled ambition leads to no good for the protagonist or those around him. Macbeth climbed up to the battlements and looked up at the sky. Look at Act 1 Scene 1, Act 1 Scene 3, Act 3 Scene 5 and Act 4 Scene 1. Macbeth (or The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a 1971 historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan.A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, it tells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder. Act 4, Scene 1. If youre curious how the witches put all these ingredients together, the following is the full passage from Act IV, Scene I of Macbeth. Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. (Act 4 Scene 1) The Witches meet around one of the most well-known symbols of witchcraft - a cauldron. Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good . , first-lines, opening-lines, william-shakespeare, witches. Inured to violence, prone to superstition, Macbeth struggles with the hags' predictions in the depth of his soul. The witches in his play are played by three everyday women who manipulate political events in England through marriage and patronage, and manipulate elections to have Macbeth made Treasurer and Earl of Bath. Look at Act 1 Scene 1, Act 1 Scene 3, Act 3 Scene 5 and Act 4 Scene 1. Answers: A pumpkin is a fruit, because it has seeds. And it was that law, that even-handed justice, that was the problem. Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, just in case. Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? If youre curious how the witches put all these ingredients together, the following is the full passage from Act IV, Scene I of Macbeth. THIRD WITCH Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, Witchs mummy, maw and gulf Of the ravined salt-sea shark, 25 Root of hemlock digged i th dark, Liver of blaspheming Jew, Macbeth climbed up to the battlements and looked up at the sky. Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, just in case. The University of Adelaide Library is proud to have contributed to the early movement of free eBooks and to have witnessed their popularity as they grew to Macbeth then enters, demanding answers to his pressing questions about the future. Macbeth (or The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a 1971 historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan.A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, it tells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder. The witches circle a cauldron, mixing in a variety of grotesque ingredients while chanting "double, double toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble" (10-11). Lady Macbeth commits suicide and Macbeth is depressed and surrounded by an army ready to overthrow him. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Third Witch. Second Witch. "The Love Witch," "Suspiria," "Wizard of Oz," "Practical Magic," "Spirited Away," and more of the best films about witches and witchcraft. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble Three Witches; Act 4 Scene 1. Double, double, toil and trouble / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble (Act IV, Scene I) This is perhaps the most famous quote associated with the witches in Macbeth. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. The line "Double, double toil and trouble," communicates the witches' intent clearly: they seek only trouble for the mortals around them. Double, Double, Toil and Trouble is a 1993 American Halloween made-for-television children's film.It stars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as two adventurous little girls who discover that their Great Aunt Sophia has been trapped and cursed by her evil twin sister Agatha. When the witches first meet Macbeth and Banquo, they prophesy that Macbeth will become King of Scotland and that Banquos descendants will be kings. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. , first-lines, opening-lines, william-shakespeare, witches. The line "Double, double toil and trouble," communicates the witches' intent clearly: they seek only trouble for the mortals around them. The first, an armed head, tells him to beware Macduff. (to hte terho WITCHES) owN estl add a srgiet leniatsr to the mxi. Double, Double, Toil and Trouble is a 1993 American Halloween made-for-television children's film.It stars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as two adventurous little girls who discover that their Great Aunt Sophia has been trapped and cursed by her evil twin sister Agatha. Illinois, which produces over 40% of nations pumpkins. Double, Double, Toil and Trouble is a 1993 American Halloween made-for-television children's film.It stars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as two adventurous little girls who discover that their Great Aunt Sophia has been trapped and cursed by her evil twin sister Agatha. In this famous soliloquy, Macbeth vocalizing that he understands all his efforts were pointless. It is in the same family as the cucumber. The University of Adelaide Library is proud to have contributed to the early movement of free eBooks and to have witnessed their popularity as they grew to The playwright Jiehae Parks sly and polished adaptation of Macbeth transports the characters from the Scottish heath to the halls of a Midwestern high school. Macbeth then enters, demanding answers to his pressing questions about the future. 1966 likes. The Witches songs play a pivotal role in the plot of Macbeth. Like the first song, Fair is foul and foul is fair, Double, double toil and trouble;/ Fire burn and cauldron bubble appears at a critical juncture of the play. This metrical pattern appears in magical passages, such as in Macbeth when the three witches transition into trochaic tetrameter for these famous lines: Double, double toil and trouble, Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble Three Witches; Act 4 Scene 1. The witches conjure apparitions to do so. Fillet of a fenny snake, In the cauldron boil and bake; 1560 Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog, Adder's fork and blind-worm's sting, Lizard's leg and owlet's wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, 1565 Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. Act 4, Scene 1. The witches' lines are much shorter than the other characters verse lines. Inured to violence, prone to superstition, Macbeth struggles with the hags' predictions in the depth of his soul. Christmas is the first busiest holiday. In which play by Shakespeare do three witches say, Double, double, toil and trouble? The Witches songs play a pivotal role in the plot of Macbeth. Malcolm. Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. The first, an armed head, tells him to beware Macduff. Christmas is the first busiest holiday. Enter HECATE to the other three Witches Duncan. The witches' lines are much shorter than the other characters verse lines. Third Witch. The three witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Glamis (as he is), Thane of Cawdor, and king hereafter. And thank us for your trouble. The witches conjure apparitions to do so. Second Witch. Full passage from Macbeth. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. (Act 2, Scene 2) Tis the eye of childhood, That fears a painted devil. (Act 2, Scene 2) You can also refer back up to see our explanations for each of the bolded terms. Everything seems to be working out well for Macbeth until the witches share with him one final vision: a long line of kings who all look just like Banquo. Macbeth (or The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a 1971 historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan.A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, it tells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Act 4, Scene 1. Double, double toil and trouble! In the final scene, the witches gather around a cauldron and chant "Double, double, Toil and Trouble / parties burn and Nonsense bubble." Illinois, which produces over 40% of nations pumpkins. In which play by Shakespeare do three witches say, Double, double, toil and trouble? 422 quotes from Macbeth: By the pricking of my thumbs, Something wicked this way comes. Double, double, toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble! William Shakespeare, Macbeth. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good . And it was that law, that even-handed justice, that was the problem. It gives a hint to the audience what is going on in Macbeths over-ambitious mind. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Albert: Macbeth #3: In WICKED what was the name of the witch born w/ emerald-green skin who defied gravity? The playwright Jiehae Parks sly and polished adaptation of Macbeth transports the characters from the Scottish heath to the halls of a Midwestern high school. HECATE O well done! Albert: Macbeth #3: In WICKED what was the name of the witch born w/ emerald-green skin who defied gravity? ALL 20 Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble Three Witches; Act 4 Scene 1. [58] [ page needed ] The witches' spells are remarkably similar to the spells of the witch Medusa in Anthony Munday's play Fidele and Fortunio published in 1584, and Shakespeare may have been influenced by these. Act 4, scene 1 Double, double toil and trouble Macbeth visits the witches and demands they answer his questions. , first-lines, opening-lines, william-shakespeare, witches. The first, an armed head, tells him to beware Macduff. Act 1, scene 3. There are eight syllables per line: Double, double, toil and trouble: / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. (4:1) It makes the witches seem strangely different. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. HECATE O well done! Duncan. We have previously seen Macbeths uncertainty about whether he should take the crown by killing Duncan. Act 4, scene 1 Double, double toil and trouble Macbeth visits the witches and demands they answer his questions. / Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. If youre curious how the witches put all these ingredients together, the following is the full passage from Act IV, Scene I of Macbeth. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. On the 7th year of her imprisonment, Sophia will be doomed to the netherworld unless the curse is broken by the / Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. [58] [ page needed ] The witches' spells are remarkably similar to the spells of the witch Medusa in Anthony Munday's play Fidele and Fortunio published in 1584, and Shakespeare may have been influenced by these. The University of Adelaide Library is proud to have contributed to the early movement of free eBooks and to have witnessed their popularity as they grew to The trouble was that we have choice: we havefreedom of choice. We have previously seen Macbeths uncertainty about whether he should take the crown by killing Duncan. The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Second Witch Cool it with a baboon's blood, Then the charm is firm and good. Malcolm. Inured to violence, prone to superstition, Macbeth struggles with the hags' predictions in the depth of his soul. But if we choose violent options they come back to plague us. 1966 likes. Third Witch. The second, a bloody child, tells him no-one born of a woman can harm him. Christmas is the first busiest holiday. Macbeth, William Shakespeare, scene summary, scene summaries, chapter summary, chapter summaries, short summary, criticism, literary criticism, review, scene synopsis, interpretation, teaching, lesson plan. Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? Halloween sees more candy sales than Valentines Day. The witches circle a cauldron, mixing in a variety of grotesque ingredients while chanting "double, double toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble" (10-11). Enter HECATE to the other three Witches Scottish perspective on news, sport, business, lifestyle, food and drink and more, from Scotland's national newspaper, The Scotsman. Halloween sees more candy sales than Valentines Day. The trouble was that we have choice: we havefreedom of choice. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. (Act 4 Scene 1) The Witches meet around one of the most well-known symbols of witchcraft - a cauldron. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. "The Love Witch," "Suspiria," "Wizard of Oz," "Practical Magic," "Spirited Away," and more of the best films about witches and witchcraft. The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as (Act 1, Scene 7) That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold, What hath quenched them hath given me fire. (Act 2 Scene 2) I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss em. For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. When the witches first meet Macbeth and Banquo, they prophesy that Macbeth will become King of Scotland and that Banquos descendants will be kings. [58] [ page needed ] The witches' spells are remarkably similar to the spells of the witch Medusa in Anthony Munday's play Fidele and Fortunio published in 1584, and Shakespeare may have been influenced by these. Double Double Toil and Trouble Quote: One of the most well-known passages in William Shakespeare's Macbeth is the "Double double toil and trouble" quote. 270 likes. All. Scottish perspective on news, sport, business, lifestyle, food and drink and more, from Scotland's national newspaper, The Scotsman. We are very grateful to you all for your patronage and support over the years. When the witches first meet Macbeth and Banquo, they prophesy that Macbeth will become King of Scotland and that Banquos descendants will be kings. Answers: A pumpkin is a fruit, because it has seeds. Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? There were no stars. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. THIRD WITCH Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, Witchs mummy, maw and gulf Of the ravined salt-sea shark, 25 Root of hemlock digged i th dark, Liver of blaspheming Jew, / Double, double, toil and trouble; / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Lady Macbeth commits suicide and Macbeth is depressed and surrounded by an army ready to overthrow him. Macbeth sighed. Double, double toil and trouble! Like the first song, Fair is foul and foul is fair, Double, double toil and trouble;/ Fire burn and cauldron bubble appears at a critical juncture of the play. Double Double Toil and Trouble Quote: One of the most well-known passages in William Shakespeare's Macbeth is the "Double double toil and trouble" quote. Lizards leg and howlets wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. ALL. It gives a hint to the audience what is going on in Macbeths over-ambitious mind. Full passage from Macbeth. Lady Macbeth speaks these words in Act 1, scene 5, lines 3652, as she awaits the arrival of King Duncan at her castle. The witches in his play are played by three everyday women who manipulate political events in England through marriage and patronage, and manipulate elections to have Macbeth made Treasurer and Earl of Bath. The witches in his play are played by three everyday women who manipulate political events in England through marriage and patronage, and manipulate elections to have Macbeth made Treasurer and Earl of Bath. Second Witch. You can also refer back up to see our explanations for each of the bolded terms. ALL 20 Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. In this famous soliloquy, Macbeth vocalizing that he understands all his efforts were pointless. Macbeth, William Shakespeare, scene summary, scene summaries, chapter summary, chapter summaries, short summary, criticism, literary criticism, review, scene synopsis, interpretation, teaching, lesson plan. Macbeth, William Shakespeare, scene summary, scene summaries, chapter summary, chapter summaries, short summary, criticism, literary criticism, review, scene synopsis, interpretation, teaching, lesson plan. There were no stars. ALL. In the final scene, the witches gather around a cauldron and chant "Double, double, Toil and Trouble / parties burn and Nonsense bubble." The witches' lines are much shorter than the other characters verse lines. Double, double, toil and trouble / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble (Act IV, Scene I) This is perhaps the most famous quote associated with the witches in Macbeth. Illinois, which produces over 40% of nations pumpkins. ALL Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Macbeth is Shakespeare's darkest play not only because of the restricted palette of its images--shades of black varied with bright red blood--but also because, in the play's world of warfare and witchcraft, its hero is half-damned from the start. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. (Act 2, Scene 2) Tis the eye of childhood, That fears a painted devil. (Act 2, Scene 2) Double, double toil and trouble! There are eight syllables per line: Double, double, toil and trouble: / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. (4:1) It makes the witches seem strangely different. All. We have previously seen Macbeths uncertainty about whether he should take the crown by killing Duncan. Lady Macbeth speaks these words in Act 1, scene 5, lines 3652, as she awaits the arrival of King Duncan at her castle. Enter HECATE to the other three Witches. The three witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Glamis (as he is), Thane of Cawdor, and king hereafter. And thank us for your trouble. Aidan: The Witches of Eastwick #2: Double, double, toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble was a line chanted by the 3 witches, also referred to as the weird sisters in what Shakespeare tragedy? Macbeth sighed. (Act 4 Scene 1) The Witches meet around one of the most well-known symbols of witchcraft - a cauldron. Double, double, toil and trouble / Fire burn, and cauldron bubble (Act IV, Scene I) This is perhaps the most famous quote associated with the witches in Macbeth. It is in the same family as the cucumber. (Act 3, Scene 4) Shakespeare reveals at the end of the play that unbridled ambition leads to no good for the protagonist or those around him. On the 7th year of her imprisonment, Sophia will be doomed to the netherworld unless the curse is broken by the (Act 3, Scene 4) Shakespeare reveals at the end of the play that unbridled ambition leads to no good for the protagonist or those around him. 1966 likes. Macbeth climbed up to the battlements and looked up at the sky. It is in the same family as the cucumber. 270 likes. THIRD WITCH Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, Witchs mummy, maw and gulf Of the ravined salt-sea shark, 25 Root of hemlock digged i th dark, Liver of blaspheming Jew, We are very grateful to you all for your patronage and support over the years. Macbeth is Shakespeare's darkest play not only because of the restricted palette of its images--shades of black varied with bright red blood--but also because, in the play's world of warfare and witchcraft, its hero is half-damned from the start. Fillet of a fenny snake, In the cauldron boil and bake; 1560 Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog, Adder's fork and blind-worm's sting, Lizard's leg and owlet's wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, 1565 Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. The playwright Jiehae Parks sly and polished adaptation of Macbeth transports the characters from the Scottish heath to the halls of a Midwestern high school. Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, just in case. Answers: A pumpkin is a fruit, because it has seeds. Enter HECATE to the other three Witches "The Love Witch," "Suspiria," "Wizard of Oz," "Practical Magic," "Spirited Away," and more of the best films about witches and witchcraft. For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. Fillet of a fenny snake, In the cauldron boil and bake; 1560 Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog, Adder's fork and blind-worm's sting, Lizard's leg and owlet's wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, 1565 Like a hell-broth boil and bubble. Act 1, scene 3. Hecate appears, they sing all together, and Hecate leaves. Duncan. In this famous soliloquy, Macbeth vocalizing that he understands all his efforts were pointless. Double Double Toil and Trouble Quote: One of the most well-known passages in William Shakespeare's Macbeth is the "Double double toil and trouble" quote. Full passage from Macbeth.